1. Introduction
Caustic soda, also known as sodium hydroxide (NaOH), is a versatile compound with numerous industrial applications, ranging from chemical manufacturing to water treatment and pulp and paper production. The traditional method of caustic soda production involves the use of mercury or diaphragm cells, which pose environmental and health risks. However, a more sustainable and efficient alternative has emerged in the form of bipolar electrolysis. This article provides a detailed description of the bipolar electrolysis process for caustic soda production, exploring its principles, equipment, electrolyte composition, electrochemical reactions, process control, and optimization. Additionally, it examines the advantages and challenges associated with this innovative technique. Understanding the bipolar electrolysis process is crucial for industries seeking to enhance their caustic soda manufacturing methods while prioritizing sustainability and safety.