{"id":2994,"date":"2023-10-26T09:57:25","date_gmt":"2023-10-26T09:57:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chemkraft.ir\/en\/?p=2994"},"modified":"2025-02-26T10:04:25","modified_gmt":"2025-02-26T06:34:25","slug":"about-akd-sizing","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chemkraft.ir\/en\/about-akd-sizing\/","title":{"rendered":"About AKD sizing"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-vivid-purple-color has-text-color has-link-color has-normal-font-size wp-elements-46938f95f0fdf89aeeb9239ce30933e6\" id=\"h-about-akd-sizing\">About AKD sizing<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\" dir=\"ltr\">AKD is an active sizing agent, which can react with the hydroxyl group of cellulose to form an irreversible covalent bond, and the sizing effect is stable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\" dir=\"ltr\">The AKD sizing mechanism consists of three main steps:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\" dir=\"ltr\">1) AKD emulsion particles are attached to the fiber surface.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\" dir=\"ltr\">2) AKD is heated in the drying section and spreads on the fiber surface.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\" dir=\"ltr\">3) AKD reacts with hydroxyl groups of cellulose to form covalent bonds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\" dir=\"ltr\">Using AKD emulsion for neutral sizing can lead to sludge formation in the system. To control this, manufacturers add fungicides during production and, if necessary, shut down the system for cleaning. Factors affecting AKD neutral sizing mainly include the following aspects:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-left has-vivid-purple-color has-text-color has-normal-font-size\" id=\"h-ph-value\">PH value<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\" dir=\"ltr\">Since the AKD reaction occurs under neutral conditions, manufacturers must carefully control the pH of the slurry and the system when adding AKD. The optimum pH range is between 7 and 8. When the pH value is less than 6, AKD is completely ineffective. Therefore, when the system is changed from acidic to neutral, in addition to thoroughly scrubbing the system, the amount of AKD should be increased or even doubled.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alkyl_ketene_dimer#:~:text=Paper%20sizing%20with%20alkylated%20ketene%20dimers,-For%20paper%20sizing&amp;text=follows%20the%20cracking%20of%20the,formation%20of%20closed%20hydrophobic%20layers.\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"570\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/chemkraft.ir\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Sizing-of-Paper.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2995\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chemkraft.ir\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Sizing-of-Paper.jpg 570w, https:\/\/chemkraft.ir\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Sizing-of-Paper-300x189.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 570px) 100vw, 570px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-left has-vivid-purple-color has-text-color has-normal-font-size\" id=\"h-retention\">Retention<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-normal-font-size wp-block-paragraph\" dir=\"ltr\">Generally, AKD sizing needs to add retention aids. Due to the addition of PAE wet strength agent, in addition to increasing the wet strength, it also has a synergistic effect on AKD retention.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\" dir=\"ltr\">PAE (polyamide epichlorohydrin) not only has a retention effect in the wet end, but also participates in the sizing reaction of AKD when the paper sheet is dry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\" dir=\"ltr\">Research shows that heating paper turns the PAE resin into a nucleophile, promoting the opening of the AKD lactone ring and attaching it to the PAE resin macromolecular chain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\" dir=\"ltr\">PAE resin has a high bridging ability. It can be irreversibly fixed on the surface of the fiber, so that AKD is irreversibly bonded to the surface of the fiber through the intermediate reaction with PAE.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-left has-vivid-purple-color has-text-color has-normal-font-size\" id=\"h-add-point\"> Add point<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\" dir=\"ltr\">AKD undergoes a hydrolysis reaction in water to form a product without sizing, and this hydrolysis reaction accelerates as the temperature rises. At the same time, severe shearing action should be avoided. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\" dir=\"ltr\">The shearing action will damage the AKD emulsion. So, in order to reduce In the loss of AKD in papermaking the addition point should be as close as possible to the forming section.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-left has-vivid-purple-color has-text-color has-normal-font-size\" id=\"h-temperature\">Temperature<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\" dir=\"ltr\">When the temperature does not meet the reaction requirements, the sizing reaction cannot occur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\" dir=\"ltr\"> Controlling the drying temperature and conditions is an important factor to ensure the sizing effect. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\" dir=\"ltr\">The starting point of the sizing reaction should not be lower than 95\u00b0C.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\" dir=\"ltr\"> The paper mill should set the appropriate temperature and time according to different drying methods.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\" dir=\"ltr\">Production findings show that, while maintaining the desired sizing degree, using less AKD yields better results.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\" dir=\"ltr\">When the amount of AKD exceeds the optimum value the decrease in cobb (absorbency) value will slow down, and at the same time, the friction coefficient of the paper will decrease, and the paper will Slippage, difficult production. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\" dir=\"ltr\">The paper sizing degree of AKD sizing has hysteresis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\" dir=\"ltr\">Manufacturers typically store the material for 7-10 days after production to gradually achieve the desired sizing effect.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\" dir=\"ltr\">Therefore, in order to timely measure the sizing degree of the unmachined paper sample.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/chemkraft.ir\/en\/home\/products\/cellulose-industries-chemicals\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"490\" src=\"https:\/\/chemkraft.ir\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/imageedit_19_6769064599-1024x490-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2996\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chemkraft.ir\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/imageedit_19_6769064599-1024x490-1.png 1024w, https:\/\/chemkraft.ir\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/imageedit_19_6769064599-1024x490-1-300x144.png 300w, https:\/\/chemkraft.ir\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/imageedit_19_6769064599-1024x490-1-768x368.png 768w, https:\/\/chemkraft.ir\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/imageedit_19_6769064599-1024x490-1-585x280.png 585w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\" dir=\"ltr\"> it is necessary to accelerate the sizing ripening degree by drying in an oven at 105\u00b0C for 10 minutes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\" dir=\"ltr\"> The result measured at this time is the final sizing degree.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\" dir=\"ltr\">In summer, paper sizing by AKD does not have the problem of sizing difficulty, it is easy to dry and does not need emulsified rosin. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\" dir=\"ltr\">Economic calculations show that the cost per ton of paper is lower than that of acid papermaking, while paper strength increases by approximately 10%.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/chemkraft.ir\/en\/the-ten-largest-producers-of-akd-sizing-agent-for-the-paper-industry-2\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"413\" src=\"https:\/\/chemkraft.ir\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/read-more-1024x413.png\" alt=\"read related post\" class=\"wp-image-4882\" 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stable.&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[22,19],"tags":[79,131,55,44,86,85],"class_list":["post-2994","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-cellulose-industries","category-essays","tag-akd-sizing-agent","tag-chemkraft","tag-paper-pulp-industries","tag-paper-sizing","tag-sizing-in-paper-industries","tag-tissue-sizing"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v24.6 (Yoast SEO v27.7) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>About AKD sizing - Iran Chemkraft Representative Office<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"AKD is an active sizing agent, which can react with the hydroxyl group of cellulose to you should know About AKD sizing and the sizing\" \/>\n<meta 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